Requirements of Fat-soluble Vitamins for Dairy Cows: A Review

Requirements of fat-soluble vitamins for dairy cows: a review.

Knowledge about vitamins has evolved greatly since they were discovered < 100 yr ago, but the quantitative determination of the vitamin requirements of dairy cows has been difficult. Current requirements are based on data that are at least 20 yr old and, in some cases, > 50 years old. The response variables in those studies were the prevalence of overt signs of deficiency, level of milk product...

Fat-soluble vitamins.

Water Soluble Vitamins for Dairy Cattle

Research on effects of water soluble vitamins when fed to dairy cows and field supplementation of some water soluble vitamins has increased markedly in the past few years. In research studies, biotin supplementation (20 mg/ day) has consistently improved hoof health of cows and often increased milk production. Supplementation of niacin, although common, has little effect on milk production unle...

Biosynthesis of Food Constituents: Vitamins. 1. Fat-Soluble Vitamins – a Review

Velíšek J., Cejpek K. (2007): Biosynthesis of food constituents: Vitamins. 1. Fat-soluble vitamins – a review. Czech J. Food Sci., 25: 1–16. This review article gives a survey of the generally accepted biosynthetic pathways that lead to fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, the corresponding provitamins, and the closely related ubiquinones and plastoquinones) in anim...

Fat-Feeding Practices for Lactating Dairy Cows

Supplementing cows with fat can have several beneficial effects. It usually increases the energy density of the diet as starch or fiber is replaced with fatty acids. If milk production is increased, then feed efficiency may be improved. Less heat may be produced in the rumen during digestion of fat-supplemented diets as fatty acids are not digested in the rumen. Less heat produced during digest...